JOHN YANG: Tonight on PBS News# Weekend, the Trump administration## lays out its vision for the U.S.

role in the# world, taking America first policies global.

Then, we explore how artificial intelligence is# helping predict preterm births and the benefits## and risks of an icy plunge as wintertime# outdoor swimming gains a global following.

MAN: It's really refreshing.

I think it's an## experience that every single person# has to have once in their lifetimes.

MAN: Here in winter.

MAN: Yes, in winter.

And I love# it.

It's really .. (BREAK) JOHN YANG: Good evening.

I'm John# Yang.

White House envoys met again## with Ukrainian officials in Miami today to# discuss President Trump's proposed path to## peace in Ukraine.

It was their# seventh meeting over.. including a session this past Sunday that# included Secretary of State Marco Rubio.

The State Department said# they've agreed on a key item,## a peacekeeping arrangement for post-war Ukraine.

The administration's national security# strategy, released this week, says ending## the war is a core U.S.

Interest in order# to stabilize European economies, prevent## unintended escalation or expansion of the war,# and reestablish strategic stability with Russia.

The congressionally mandated# document reflects a shift from the## stance of previous administrations,# including Mr.

Trump's first term.

Earlier, I spoke with Matthew Kroenig, vice# president and senior director of the Atlantic## Council's Scowcroft center for Strategy and# Security.

He helped write similar strategy## statements under Presidents George W. Bush# and Obama.

And in the first Trump term.

MATTHEW KROENIG, The Atlantic Council: I think# overall it was a good document with strengths,## but also with weaknesses.

So strengths,# a good strategy should tell you what's## new and different, and this one did that# with the focus on the Western Hemisphere.

It also had some new ideas for new challenges,# how the United States can maintain technological## leadership.

So I think those were the strengths.# On the weaknesses, I think it downplayed democracy## and human rights, which I think is a mistake,# was probably too critical of our European allies## and I think also downplayed the challenges# we face from autocratic rivals like China.

JOHN YANG: You're at the Reagan# National Defense Forum right now,## and I suspect there are# representatives from Europe.## What are you hearing from them or from# others at the forum about this document?

MATTHEW KROENIG: Yes, mixed opinions on# the document.

One European ambassador I## was speaking to last night said, you# know, this seems to be a consistent## message now following J.D.

Vance's tough# speech at the Munich Security Conference.

And so it would be irresponsible as# a European official not to question## America's commitment to Europe and to think# about how Europe might need to go its own way.

JOHN YANG: On Europe, the document says that# Europe faces the prospect of civilizational## erasure because of immigration policies and## suppression of political opposition.# What's your reaction to that?

MATTHEW KROENIG: Yes, well, I# do think that's something of an## extension of domestic politics for the# so called New Right in the Republican## Party.

And so I think they see their# enemies as liberals and progressives,## that's in the United States but also in Europe.# And so I think taking some of their domestic## political positions and exporting those to# Europe is what accounts for those passages.

JOHN YANG: You mentioned, the absence of# talking about democracy and human rights.## In their place, it seems to me the emphasis is on## economic relationships around the# world.

What do you think of that?

MATTHEW KROENIG: Our allies and partners in the# Western Hemisphere have often felt like they## are overlooked, that the United States# has paid more attention to Europe,## to the Middle East and to Asia.

And so# I think they see this new focus on the## Western Hemisphere as overall a good thing.

And# there's also talk about economic partnerships.

So I think that makes a lot of sense.

It's# one of the strengths of the strategy and## I think will be welcomed by the countries# that are the recipients of that investment.

JOHN YANG: This document is not only# different from previous presidents,## it's also different from Mr.

Trump's# first administration.

In that document,## the world was framed as competition between# those who favor repressive systems and## those who favor free societies.

What do you make of that change?

MATTHEW KROENIG: Well, you're right, that is a# big change.

The 2017 National Security Strategy,## the main takeaway was great power# competition with China and Russia.## This one kind of downplays the threat# from autocratic rivals.

North Korea## is not even mentioned.

Russia and China are# presented as not posing much of a challenge.

So I think the difference is the difference# in personnel.

And Trump won.

He was new to## Washington and so he was staffed by kind of# traditional Reaganite Republicans for this## administration.

He does have some# of those traditional Republicans,## but he also has more in the so called# restraint camp and populist camp.

And so I see the fingerprints of these# different groups on this document.

JOHN YANG: What do you see as the practical# impact of this document?

It's something that## Congress mandates that has to be produced.# But what sort of its practical significance?

MATTHEW KROENIG: It does have practical# implications.

Our allies and adversaries are## carefully reading this document.

As I mentioned,# I was talking about it with several allies## just over the past 24 hours.

But then it also# provides direction to the vast national security## bureaucracies.

Mid and lower level officials in# the Department of Defense, the State Department,## the intelligence community, want to know what# they should be doing on a day to day basis.

And## so this document does provide an authoritative# statement of the President's priorities.

JOHN YANG: How do you think this is# being read in Beijing or in Moscow?

MATTHEW KROENIG: Well, I think the answer# may be different.

It does talk a lot about## maintaining deterrence in the Indo Pacific.# It keeps our traditional policy with regard## to Taiwan talks about winning the economic# and technology competitions with China.

The Russia challenges presented almost as# squabbling between Europe and Russia and## almost positions the United States as a mediator# trying to restore.

So I suspect Putin will see## that as a step forward from his point of view,# compared to traditional strategies that I think## correctly portrayed Russia more as a threat# to Europe and a threat to the United States.

JOHN YANG: Matthew Krone from the# Atlantic Council, thank you very much.

MATTHEW KROENIG: My pleasure.# Thanks for having me.

JOHN YANG: In tonight's other headlines,# Arab leaders say it's time to move forward## on the second phase of the Israel-Hamas# ceasefire.

In remarks to the Doha Forum,## the Qatari prime minister said an# ongoing ceasefire agreement needs## to include the full withdrawal of# Israeli troops from the Gaza Strip.

The remarks came as Israeli Defense Forces# killed three people in an Israeli controlled## area of Gaza.

Two others died in# an airstrike outside Gaza City.

The next steps in President Trump's peace plan# call for international security force in Gaza,## the formation of a new government and Hamas giving# up its weapons, which it has not yet agreed to.

Devastation and desperation are evident in newly# released 911 calls from the July 4th weekend flash## flooding in Kerr County, Texas.

We want to warn# you that some viewers may find this distressing.

WOMAN: How many people are there?

WOMAN: There's three and we're stuck.

And it's# two elderly people.

Please help.

I can't -- WOMAN: Okay, really quickly.

Hey,# really quickly.

I need you to take## a really deep breath.

I understand we# have everybody headed that direction,## but I need you to take a deep breath.

Okay.# What's a good callback number for you?

WOMAN: I can't get -- I can't get# out and it's -- and I'm scared.

JOHN YANG: We don't know whether the woman in# that call was among the more than 130 lives## lost in the flooding.

Over the course of six# hours as floodwaters rushed through the area,## dispatchers handled more than 400 emergency calls.

The family of a National Guard member ambushed# blocks from the White House say they're optimistic## about his recovery.

They say Sergeant Andrew Wolfe# is looking more like himself and his head wound is## slowly healing.

He's expected to remain in# acute care for another two to three weeks.

Last night, there was a vigil for Wolfe at his# old high school in Berkeley County, West Virginia.## Army Specialist Sarah Beckstrom was also attacked# that day and later died from her injuries.

And the countdown to the Winter# Olympics in Italy has begun.

In Rome,## the Olympic flame began its journey to the# Games in Milan.

Over the next two months,## more than 10,000 torchbearers will participate in## a 7,000 mile relay through Italy.

The opening# ceremonies will be held on February 6th.

Still to come on PBS News Weekend,## how AI is helping predict premature births# and the risks and rewards of an icy plunge.

(BREAK) JOHN YANG: Last year, one in 10 U.S.

babies# was born before 37 weeks of pregnancy,## which is considered preterm.

The# March of Dimes says that's one## of the highest premature birth# rates among developed nations.

Preterm births can have long term health# effects and are hard to predict.

Ali Rogin## spoke with an entrepreneur who's using AI to# help doctors know when it's likely.

But first,## March of Dimes helped connect Ali with parents of# preterm babies to hear about their experiences.

ERICA SHOEMATE: My name is Erica# Shoemate and I am Mia's mom.

ROXANNE ROMEO: Hi.

My name is# Roxanne Romeo and I'm Zara's mom.

LUCERO PAYANO: My name is Lucero# Payano and I am Zael's mother.

RUBEN CONTRERAS: My name is Ruben# Contreras and I'm Zael's dad.

ASHLEY O'NEIL: My name is Ashley# o' Neil and I am Collin's mom.

EMMA LEE GREENLEY: My name is Emma# Lee Greenley and I'm Lois's mom.

ERICA SHOEMATE: My baby was born at 24# weeks, 2 days.

He she weighed 1 pound 7## ounces or the best that they could measure# so quick.

She was intubated immediately.

ROXANNE ROMEO: Zara was born at 26 weeks# and four days.

She weighed 2 pounds,## 6.7 ounces and she spent 93 days in the NICU.

LUCERO PAYANO: Zael was 25 weeks# and two days when I delivered him.

ERICA SHOEMATE: We learned that my daughter# actually has Ellis van Crevel syndrome,## which has less than 300 cases reported in# the world, but it's highly concentrated## in the Amish Dutch population.

It's very rare# in general, but then to be a family of color,## we only know two other families of color that# have been directly impacted in the world.

ASHLEY O'NEIL: I went into labor with Collins at## 25 weeks gestation at a small community# hospital that didn't have the resources## to properly care for a child.

He was# born at roughly a pound and a half.

ROXANNE ROMEO: Every day I would have to# call in the morning to talk to one of the## NICU nurses to find out how many# episodes she had the night before,## which is when a baby stops breathing.

And to even# imagine your child not breathing is just crazy.

ASHLEY O'NEIL: He fought.

He# was a feisty little thing,## repeatedly pulled out all of his# tubes.

But he came home 183 days later.

EMMA LEE GREENLEY: Lois is five years old now.# She is in preschool.

She's doing very well.

ERICA SHOEMATE: She just turned 8 on# September 27th.

It has been an honor,## a privilege to be this little rock star's mom.

ROXANNE ROMEO: She is a spunky, sassy little# toddler.

She's gonna be three in December.

LUCERO PAYANO: He is, thank God,## doing amazing.

When I tell people that# he's a 25-weeker, their jaws drop.

ASHLEY O'NEIL: Collin is six now.

He is in the# first grade.

He loves school.

He is non-speaking,## uses a communication device.

He does boss me# around, mom, iPad, please.

He has the best smile## that lights up a room.

He loves playing tricks# on his teachers.

If they ask him a question,## he'll hover over the right answer, giggle and# hit the wrong answer and giggle some more.

ROXANNE ROMEO: I just encourage people to# learn more about prematurity, especially## if you know you're pregnant or if you plan to# have a child.

And I'm not just talking about## women.

Fathers need to be in the know as well# because they are definitely part of this journey.

ERICA SHOEMATE: To anyone that is navigating this# thing that you never sign up for as a parent,## just know that you can get through it.

There# is life and love on the other side.

And also## to allow yourself the moments to grief, to# grieve through the grief of the pregnancy## you didn't have.

The parenthood experience# that you are not having or will not have,## and to also not allow yourself to# get in the business of comparing## your child to someone else's who is# not having the same experience as you.

ASHLEY O'NEIL: I share my story# a lot just to tell other people## that like I know how dark it can# get.

But if you just keep going,## eventually you'll find the light.

It may# not be as bright as you imagined or even the## same colors you imagine your light would look# like, but it can still beautiful nonetheless.

ALI ROGIN: We now turn to Robert Bunn,# an entrepreneur who knows this issue## firsthand.

He and his wife have four# daughters, but his wife experienced nine## miscarriages along the way.

Her experience# inspired him to work on technology that can## help predict whether a pregnancy will end# in a premature birth and help a medical## team prepare for that outcome.

Robert,# thank you so much for being here with us.

ROBERT BUNN, Founder, Ultrasound AI:# Thank you.

It's a pleasure to be here.

ALI ROGIN: Tell me a little bit more about# what.. your family and how that inspired# you to begin working in this field.

ROBERT BUNN: Sure.

We were# beginning to start our family.## My wife suffered numerous miscarriages,# and I was beginning to wonder why this## could happen over and over and# nothing could be done about it.

After doing a bit of research, because# I have no medical background, I had to## do some research to understand the problem.# What I realized is that the reason there's so## many premature births is because typically# they're a surprise.

And when they happen,## it's too late to do anything about that time.# And doctors typically don't have any forewarning.

And I so thought maybe if I could create# an AI that could predict that a premature## birth is impending, then doctors would# have a fighting chance to prevent that,## and they have time to do something about it.

ALI ROGIN: How does this technology know what# to look for and flag issues, potential issues?

ROBERT BUNN: I eventually learned that the# solution is to obtain millions of ultrasound## images, and then I have the outcomes of what# happened to those babies in those images.

Then## what I did is I created an AI that could# figure out how to map what was the pixels## in the images to what actually happened.# And I had to build a supercomputer from## parts in my basement to get the computer power# necessary.

And it took months to train this AI.

But basically what the AI eventually learned# how to do was to find patterns in these images## that then correlated to the actual outcomes, which# opened up a whole lot of new discoveries, as well## as the capability to predict the delivery date of# these babies, which then, of course, the doctors## could then act upon and determine if that was# going to work or if they needed to do something.

ALI ROGIN: Why is it traditionally so# difficult to screen for prematurity?

ROBERT BUNN: One is because ultrasound images are# not -- are hard to read.

They're very noisy.

It's## very hard to see things in them.

There are# some things that doctors know that typically## lead to premature birth, but those things# typically only happen to a small percentage## of women.

But the vast majority of women is# just you have a history of premature birth## or history of miscarriages.

So therefore# we'll monitor you closely in the future.

But it's not -- the accuracy is not as good as it# could be.

And I think that's the problem I needed## to solve is to give doctors very precise# delivery dates of when these babies were## going to be delivered so then they could# then act confidently to treat those women.

ALI ROGIN: I understand your# technology is already being used in## countries in South America.

What# have the results been like there?

ROBERT BUNN: They've been in trial use in# both Brazil and Chile and the doctors are## extremely happy.

Probably the biggest thing# that makes them happy is the fact that it's## able to identify the women who are on their# first child who may have a premature birth## so they can make sure those women get the care# they need they would not have gotten otherwise.

Then there's also the case where there's high risk# pregnancies and they want to keep the babies in## as long as possible because that reduces time# in NICU and they have a good idea of when the## baby's going to spontaneously deliver and# a spontaneous deliver may not be the best## choice in that case.

And they can do# a C section right before then.

So it## helps them time the deliveries that need# to be much better and have better outcomes.

ALI ROGIN: And then what's your outlook for# becoming available to people here in the US.

ROBERT BUNN: So we've recently submitted our# final review for the FDA and we hope to have## approval here very soon, maybe within the# next few months.

Nothing life is uncertain,## but we feel very good about this technology and## that its ability to begin saving the# lives of babies in America here too.

ALI ROGIN: Robert Bunn with# Ultrasound AI.

Thank you so much.

ROBERT BUNN: Thank you.# It's a pleasure being here.

JOHN YANG:## As the winter solstice nears, it might not feel# like the season for jumping in the water.

But## more and more people are finding an icy plunge# invigorating.

In this encore report, William## Brangham takes a look at the world of winter# swimming and its potential benefits and risks.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM (voice-over): Even# though the temperatures are plunging,## so are these swimmers, a brave# group in the northern Chinese## city of Harbin.

Taking a subzero# jump one by one into the icy water.

CHEN XIA (through translator): I felt# prickling all over my body.

The water here## is about 10 degrees Celsius lower than it is in# my hometown, but it still made me feel blissful.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM (voice-over):# These hardy souls are part of## the city's winter swimming team,# which boasts hundreds of members.## They say they train throughout the year to# develop the physical strength and mental## fortitude needed to dive into pools carved from# ice during the city's annual winter festival.

YU XIAOFENG (through translator):# Once these challenges are overcome,## you will feel the endless joy# brought by winter swimming.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM (voice-over): Endless joy# or crazy obsession?

In the Czech Republic,## locals there take to the cold waters of the Vltava## River in early January to mark# the end of the Christmas season.

SASA SELCAN (through translator): Well, I've# stuck with it.

It's a bit of an addiction now.

KAMIL NEMECEK (through translator): Once# you've tried it, you have to keep doing it.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM (voice-over): In# the Danish capital, Copenhagen,## it's a tourist draw to brave the icy water.

ORLANDO: It's crazy.

It's really refreshing.

I## think it's an experience that every single# person has to have once in their lifetimes.

EMILIANO: Here in winter.

ORLANDO: Yes, in winter.

And I love# it.

It's rea.. WILLIAM BRANGHAM (voice-over):# Devotees of winter swimming are## convinced these bone chilling dips# boost their health and happiness.

LIU SHURONG (through translator): Back in the day,## I used to get leg cramps and.. YOU DECANG (through translator):# I'm 76 years old, but I've never## got a cold because I swim in winter and I# feel very well.

It brings me good health.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM (voice-over): Online# advocates say the benefits are many,## helping with everything from migraines# to arthritis and even weight loss.

WOMAN: It boosts the immune system.

MAN: It really improves your mental health.

WOMAN: Great blood circulation# helps you sleep better.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM (voice-over):# But not everyone is convinced.

HEATHER MASSEY, University of Portsmouth: Some of# the claims that you'll see that splashed over the## web, we don't actually have good, robust evidence# to be able to support those claims at the moment.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM (voice-over):# Heather Massey studies cold## water immersion and swimming at the# University of Portsmouth in England.

HEATHER MASSEY: The level of# science is far more powerful## from the side of it having negative effects.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM (voice-over): Massey says the# initial plunge into icy water is shocking and the## body reacts instantly.

Shortness of breath, higher# blood pressure, even impaired cognitive function.

HEATHER MASSEY: Definitely make# sure you're well fit and healthy## before you go in.

If you've got# any underlying health problems or## you're not feeling great going in# cold water is not going to help.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM (voice-over): She says even# healthy people should proceed with caution.## There can be very real risks of hypothermia# and heart attacks.

But Massey is quick to add## there could be health benefits, and she and other# scientists are looking into what they might be.

HEATHER MASSEY: It may be that it's a# placebo effect.

But if it's a placebo## effect and it works well, it's still in effect.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM (voice-over): Evidence or not,## these swimmers can't seem to stay away from their# icy pl.. RITA EGG: It's so cold.

I was# freezing.

I'm saying if I can## do this, I can do anything in the# whole world.

That's my feeling.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM (voice-over): For PBS# News Weekend, I'm William Brangham.

JOHN YANG: And that is PBS News Weekend.

For this# Saturday, I'm John Yang.

For all of my colleagues,## thanks for joining us.

See you tomorrow.